“Implementasi Hak Khiyar ‘Aib dalam Praktik Jual Beli Pakaian (Studi pada Pedagang Pakaian Muslim di Pasar Kedungwuni)”

Nisak, Syahadatun (2026) “Implementasi Hak Khiyar ‘Aib dalam Praktik Jual Beli Pakaian (Studi pada Pedagang Pakaian Muslim di Pasar Kedungwuni)”. Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Syahadatun Nisak (10222125), 2026, “Implementasi Hak Khiyar ‘Aib dalam Praktik Jual Beli Pakaian (Studi pada Pedagang Pakaian Muslim di Pasar Kedungwuni)” Dosen Pembimbing: Abdul Hamid, M.A. Jual beli merupakan salah satu bentuk muamalah yang paling umum dilaksanakan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Islam mengaturnya agar berlangsung secara halal, adil, dan saling meridhai, termasuk melalui mekanisme hak khiyar ‘aib sebagai instrumen perlindungan pembeli apabila ditemukan cacat tersembunyi pada barang yang tidak diketahui saat akad berlangsung. Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) Pasal 281 ayat (3) secara tegas mewajibkan penjual mengembalikan uang pembelian apabila barang terbukti mengandung cacat akibat kelalaian penjual. Namun dalam praktiknya, pedagang pakaian muslim di Pasar Kedungwuni umumnya hanya memberikan opsi penukaran barang dan menolak pengembalian uang, sehingga terdapat kesenjangan antara praktik lapangan dengan ketentuan KHES. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi hak khiyar ‘aib dalam transaksi jual beli pakaian muslim di Pasar Kedungwuni, mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya dengan Pasal 281 ayat (3) KHES dan kepastian hukumnya, serta mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat beserta solusinya, sehingga dapat menjadi rekomendasi bagi pedagang, pembeli, dan pihak terkait dalam mewujudkan praktik jual beli yang lebih adil dan sesuai prinsip syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris dengan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) dan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 12 pedagang pakaian muslim dan 8 pembeli di Pasar Kedungwuni yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan, serta dilengkapi studi pustaka sebagai sumber data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua temuan utama. Pertama, praktik khiyar 'aib di Pasar Kedungwuni telah diterapkan namun belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Pasal 281 ayat (3) KHES karena mayoritas pedagang hanya menyediakan mekanisme penukaran barang tanpa pengembalian uang. Kepastian hukum juga belum terwujud secara optimal karena berdasarkan teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman, ketiga komponen yaitu struktur hukum, substansi hukum, dan budaya hukum belum berjalan secara sinergis, yang ditandai dengan tidak adanya mekanisme pengawasan, absennya aturan tertulis yang seragam, serta minimnya bukti transaksi. Kedua, hambatan dalam penerapan khiyar 'aib meliputi kurangnya pemahaman pembeli, sulitnya membuktikan asal-usul cacat barang, pengajuan penukaran yang melampaui batas waktu, dan minimnya bukti transaksi. Solusi yang direkomendasikan mencakup peningkatan edukasi pembeli, penerapan transparansi informasi kondisi barang, penyusunan aturan tertulis, dan pemberian nota transaksi secara konsisten. Kata Kunci: Khiyar 'Aib, Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Kepastian Hukum, Pakaian Muslim ABSTRACT Syahadatun Nisak (10222125), 2026, “Implementasi Hak Khiyar ‘Aib dalam Praktik Jual Beli Pakaian (Studi pada Pedagang Pakaian Muslim di Pasar Kedungwuni)” Dosen Pembimbing: Abdul Hamid, M.A. Buying and selling is one of the most common forms of muamalah (social-economic interaction) in society. Islam regulates these transactions to ensure they are lawful, fair, and based on mutual consent. This includes the mechanism of the right of option due to defect (khiyar ‘aib), which serves as a buyer protection instrument when a hidden defect unknown at the time of the contract is discovered in the goods. Article 281 paragraph (3) of the Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) explicitly mandates that sellers refund the purchase price if the goods are proven to contain a defect resulting from the seller's negligence. However, in practice, Muslim clothing merchants at Kedungwuni Market generally only offer the option to exchange the goods and refuse to provide refunds, creating a gap between field practices and KHES provisions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the khiyar ‘aib right in Muslim clothing transactions at Kedungwuni Market, evaluate its conformity with Article 281 paragraph (3) of the KHES and its legal certainty, and identify obstacles and potential solutions. The findings are intended to serve as recommendations for merchants, buyers, and relevant parties to foster fairer sales practices that align with Sharia principles. This study employs a socio-legal (empirical-juridical) approach, utilizing field research and qualitative methods. Data collection was conducted through in depth interviews with 12 Muslim clothing merchants and 8 buyers at Kedungwuni Market selected via purposive sampling based on established criteria and supplemented by a literature review as a source of secondary data. The research yielded two main findings. First, the practice of khiyar ‘aib at Kedungwuni Market is implemented but does not fully comply with Article 281 paragraph (3) of the KHES, as the majority of merchants only provide a mechanism for exchanging goods without offering refunds. Optimal legal certainty has not yet been achieved because, based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory, the three components legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture are not functioning synergistically; this is evidenced by the lack of oversight mechanisms, the absence of uniform written regulations, and a scarcity of transaction evidence. Secondly, obstacles in the application of khiyar 'aib (the right to return goods due to defects) include buyers' lack of understanding, the difficulty of proving the origin of a defect, exchange requests made beyond the time limit, and insufficient transaction evidence. Recommended solutions include enhancing buyer education, implementing transparency regarding the condition of goods, formulating written regulations, and consistently providing transaction receipts. Keywords: Khiyar 'Aib, Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Legal Certainty, Muslim Clothing

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