Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Praktik Pengembalian Uang dengan Permen dalam Transaksi Jual Beli (Studi di Wilayah Kecamatan Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan)

Munawwaroh, Lailatul (2026) Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Praktik Pengembalian Uang dengan Permen dalam Transaksi Jual Beli (Studi di Wilayah Kecamatan Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan). Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN. K. H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena praktik pengembalian uang dengan permen yang telah menjadi kebiasaan di toko-toko sembako Kecamatan Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan, sebagai akibat dari ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap transaksi tunai bernominal kecil dan tingginya frekuensi kelangkaan uang receh. Meskipun dianggap sebagai solusi praktis, penggunaan permen sebagai pengganti uang kembalian berpotensi menimbulkan persoalan hukum, terutama terkait kerelaan para pihak, keadilan dalam transaksi, serta kesesuaian dengan prinsip-prinsip Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik penggunaan permen sebagai alternatif kembalian oleh pelaku usaha toko sembako di Kecamatan Kesesi, faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi praktik tersebut, serta tinjauannya berdasarkan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap pelaku usaha toko sembako dan konsumen di Kecamatan Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik pengembalian uang dengan permen di Kecamatan Kesesi dilakukan ketika penjual tidak memiliki uang pecahan kecil untuk mengembalikan sisa pembayaran, dengan dua pola pelaksanaan, yaitu disertai pemberitahuan atau persetujuan konsumen, dan tanpa konfirmasi karena telah dianggap kebiasaan ('urf) yang dipahami xiv bersama. Ditinjau dari perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, status hukum praktik tersebut adalah sah dan diperbolehkan (mubah) secara kondisional, sepanjang memenuhi rukun dan syarat akad jual beli serta asas ikhtiyari (sukarela), amanah, kemaslahatan, dan keadilan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 21 KHES, dan selama nilai permen sepadan dengan nominal uang yang digantikan tanpa mengandung unsur gharar, riba, maupun penipuan sesuai Pasal 29 KHES. Namun, praktik tersebut belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah apabila dilakukan secara sepihak tanpa persetujuan konsumen, karena dapat mengabaikan asas kerelaan dan hak khiyar konsumen. Oleh karena itu, keabsahan praktik ini sangat bergantung pada adanya persetujuan yang diberikan secara sadar oleh konsumen pada setiap transaksi. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of returning change in the form of candy, which has become a common practice in grocery stores in Kesesi District, Pekalongan Regency, resulting from the community's dependence on small-denomination cash transactions and the high frequency of small change shortages. Although regarded as a practical solution, the use of candy as a substitute for monetary change has the potential to raise legal issues, particularly concerning the consent of the parties, transactional fairness, and conformity with the principles of Sharia Economic Law. This research aims to examine the practice of using candy as an alternative form of change by grocery store business owners in Kesesi District, the factors underlying this practice, and its review based on Sharia Economic Law. This research employs an empirical legal research method with aqualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation involving grocery store business owners and consumers in Kesesi District, Pekalongan Regency. The data obtained were then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the practice of returning change in the form of candy in Kesesi District occurs when sellers lack small change to provide the exact change, operating under two implementation patterns: one accompanied by notification or consent from the consumer, and the other without confirmation because it has come to be regarded as a customary practice ('urf) commonly understood by the community. Viewed from the perspective of xvi Sharia Economic Law, the legal status of this practice is valid and conditionally permissible (mubah), provided that it fulfills the pillars and conditions of a sale and purchase contract as well as the principles of ikhtiyari (voluntariness), amanah (trustworthiness), maslahah (benefit), and justice as stipulated in Article 21 of the KHES (Compilation of Sharia Economic Law), and as long as the value of the candy is equivalent to the amount of money being replaced without containing elements of gharar, riba, or deception, in accordance with Article 29 of the KHES. However, this practice does not yet fully comply with Sharia Economic Law when carried out unilaterally without the consumer's consent, as this may disregard the principle of mutual consent (ridha) and the consumer's right of khiyar (option). Therefore, the validity of this practice heavily depends on the existence of consent consciously given by the consumer in each transaction.

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