Penyelesaian Non-Litigasi Dalam Kasus Wanprestasi KPR Syariah di Bank Syariah (Studi di Bank BSN KCPS Pekalongan)

Putri, Novia Rahma (2026) Penyelesaian Non-Litigasi Dalam Kasus Wanprestasi KPR Syariah di Bank Syariah (Studi di Bank BSN KCPS Pekalongan). Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

Wanprestasi dalam pembiayaan KPR Syariah masih menjadi permasalahan yang dihadapi perbankan syariah. Bank BSN Syariah KCPS Pekalongan mengedepankan penyelesaian non-litigasi sebagai upaya utama sebelum menempuh jalur litigasi. Permasalahan hukum dalam penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan mekanisme penyelesaian non-litigasi terhadap wanprestasi dalam pembiayaan KPR Syariah serta akibat hukum yang timbul bagi bank dan nasabah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk dan faktor penyebab wanprestasi serta mekanisme penyelesaian non-litigasi beserta akibat hukumnya dalam perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis-empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi di Bank BSN Syariah KCPS Pekalongan, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan teori wanprestasi, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), restrukturisasi pembiayaan syariah, akibat hukum, serta prinsip-prinsip Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk wanprestasi yang paling dominan adalah keterlambatan pembayaran angsuran yang dipengaruhi oleh penurunan kemampuan ekonomi, berkurangnya penghasilan, meningkatnya kebutuhan hidup, karakter nasabah, serta penggunaan rumah yang tidak sesuai dengan tujuan pembiayaan. Penyelesaian non-litigasi dilakukan secara bertahap melalui penagihan persuasif, surat konfirmasi, pemberian surat peringatan, musyawarah, restrukturisasi pembiayaan, hingga pelelangan agunan sebagai upaya terakhir apabila penyelesaian secara damai tidak berhasil. Akibat hukum yang timbul berupa perubahan pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban para pihak berdasarkan kesepakatan restrukturisasi, penghentian penerapan takzir bagi nasabah yang memenuhi ketentuan, serta pelaksanaan eksekusi agunan apabila nasabah tidak mampu atau tidak beriktikad baik memenuhi kewajibannya. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme penyelesaian non-litigasi di Bank BSN Syariah KCPS Pekalongan tidak menghapus hubungan hukum antara bank dan nasabah, melainkan mempertahankan hubungan hukum melalui penyesuaian pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban berdasarkan kesepakatan baru dengan mengedepankan pendekatan persuasif yang selaras dengan prinsip keadilan (al-'adalah), kemaslahatan (al-maslahah), perdamaian (sulh), tolong-menolong (ta'awun), dan kehati-hatian dalam Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Kata Kunci: Wanprestasi; Penyelesaian Non-Litigasi; KPR Syariah; Restrukturisasi; Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.   ABSTRACT Novia Rahma Putri (10222065), 2026, Non-Litigation Settlement of Breach of Contract Cases in Sharia Home Financing (KPR Syariah) at Islamic Banks (A Study at Bank BSN KCPS Pekalongan). Supervisor: Teti Hadiati, M.H.I. Default in Sharia Home Financing (KPR Syariah) remains one of the major issues faced by Islamic banking institutions. Bank BSN Syariah KCPS Pekalongan prioritizes non-litigation settlement as the primary approach before pursuing litigation. The legal issue addressed in this study concerns the implementation of non-litigation settlement mechanisms for defaults in Sharia Home Financing and the legal consequences arising for both the bank and its customers. This study aims to analyze the forms and contributing factors of default, as well as the non-litigation settlement mechanisms and their legal consequences from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law. This research is an empirical juridical (field) legal study employing a qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation conducted at Bank BSN Syariah KCPS Pekalongan, while secondary data were collected through library research. The data were analyzed descriptively using qualitative methods based on the theories of default, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), Sharia financing restructuring, legal consequences, and the principles of Islamic Economic Law. The findings reveal that the most common form of default is delayed installment payments, influenced by declining economic conditions, reduced income, increasing living expenses, customers' character, and the use of financed houses for purposes inconsistent with the financing objectives. Non-litigation settlement is carried out gradually through persuasive collection efforts, confirmation letters, warning letters, deliberation (musyawarah), financing restructuring, and ultimately collateral auction if amicable settlement fails. The resulting legal consequences include adjustments to the parties' rights and obligations based on restructuring agreements, the termination of ta'zir sanctions for customers who satisfy the applicable requirements, and the execution of collateral when customers are unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations in good faith. The study further finds that the non-litigation settlement mechanism implemented by Bank BSN Syariah KCPS Pekalongan does not terminate the legal relationship between the bank and its customers. Instead, it preserves the legal relationship by adjusting the implementation of rights and obligations based on a new agreement while emphasizing a persuasive approach consistent with the principles of justice (al-'adalah), public benefit (al-maslahah), peaceful settlement (sulh), mutual assistance (ta'awun), and prudence within Islamic Economic Law. Keywords: Default; Non-Litigation Settlement; Sharia Home Financing (KPR Syariah); Financing Restructuring; Islamic Economic Law.

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