“Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Jual Beli Galian Tanah Di Desa Sumurjomblangbogo Kecamatan Bojong Kabupaten Pekalongan)”

Kawiryan, Lintang (2026) “Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Jual Beli Galian Tanah Di Desa Sumurjomblangbogo Kecamatan Bojong Kabupaten Pekalongan)”. Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Kawiryan, Lintang. 2026. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Jual Beli Galian Tanah Di Desa Sumurjomblangbogo Kecamatan Bojong Kabupaten Pekalongan)”. Skripsi, Program Studi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Pembimbing: Dr. H. Mohammad Fateh, M.Ag. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh praktik jual beli galian tanah yang terjadi di Desa Sumurjomblangbogo, Kecamatan Bojong, Kabupaten Pekalongan, yang menimbulkan persoalan hukum Islam sekaligus dampak lingkungan yang signifikan. Aktivitas penggalian tanah yang dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan material urugan memberikan keuntungan ekonomi bagi pemilik lahan dalam jangka pendek, namun berpotensi mengakibatkan degradasi lahan, hilangnya produktivitas pertanian, serta meningkatkan risiko bencana lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik jual beli galian tanah yang berlangsung di Desa Sumurjomblangbogo dan menganalisisnya berdasarkan perspektif hukum Islam dengan pendekatan maqashid syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap pelaku transaksi, aparat desa, tokoh agama, serta masyarakat sekitar. Adapun data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur fiqh muamalah, maqashid syariah, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen pendukung lainnya. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli galian tanah di Desa Sumurjomblangbogo dilakukan berdasarkan kesepakatan lisan antara penjual dan pembeli tanpa perjanjian tertulis yang memadai. Secara formal transaksi tersebut telah memenuhi unsur dasar jual beli berupa adanya penjual, pembeli, objek, harga, dan kerelaan para pihak. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya ditemukan adanya ke tidak jelasan mengenai volume tanah yang diambil, tidak adanya kesepakatan reklamasi pasca-galian, serta munculnya dampak lingkungan berupa hilangnya lapisan tanah subur, kerusakan lahan pertanian, dan meningkatnya risiko longsor maupun banjir. Ditinjau dari perspektif maqashid syariah, praktik tersebut belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan tujuan syariat karena lebih banyak menimbulkan mafsadah dibandingkan maslahat. Aktivitas tersebut berpotensi bertentangan dengan prinsip hifz al-mal, hifz al-nafs, dan hifz al-bi'ah, serta tidak sejalan dengan kaidah la dharara wa la dhirara dan dar'u al-mafasid muqaddamun 'ala jalbi al-masalih. Kata Kunci: Jual Beli Galian Tanah, Hukum Islam, Fiqh Muamalah, Maqashid Syariah, Hifz al-Bi'ah. ABSTRAK Kawiryan, Lintang. 2026. “"An Islamic Law Review of the Practice of Excavated Soil Sale and Purchase in Sumurjomblangbogo Village, Bojong District, Pekalongan Regency." Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Islamic Economic Law, Faculty of Sharia, K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid State Islamic University of Pekalongan.” Advisor: Dr. H. Mohammad Fateh, M.Ag. This research is motivated by the practice of soil excavation sales and purchases in Sumurjomblangbogo Village, Bojong District, Pekalongan Regency, which raises issues related to Islamic law and environmental sustainability. Soil excavation activities carried out to meet the demand for fill materials provide short-term economic benefits for landowners; however, they also have the potential to cause land degradation, loss of agricultural productivity, and increased environmental disaster risks. This study aims to examine the practice of soil excavation trading in Sumurjomblangbogo Village and analyze it from the perspective of Islamic law through the maqashid al-shariah approach. This study employs a normative-empirical research design with a qualitative approach. Primary data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving transaction actors, village officials, religious leaders, and local community members. Secondary data were obtained from fiqh muamalah literature, maqashid al-shariah studies, scientific journals, and other relevant documents. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings reveal that the practice of soil excavation trading in Sumurjomblangbogo Village is generally conducted through oral agreements between sellers and buyers without adequate written contracts. Formally, the transactions fulfill the basic elements of a valid sale, including the existence of contracting parties, transaction objects, agreed prices, and mutual consent. Nevertheless, several issues were identified, including uncertainty regarding the volume of excavated soil, the absence of post-excavation land restoration agreements, and environmental impacts such as the loss of fertile topsoil, agricultural land degradation, and increased risks of landslides and flooding. From the perspective of maqashid al-shariah, this practice has not fully aligned with the objectives of Islamic law, as the resulting harms outweigh the benefits. The activity potentially contradicts the principles of hifz al-mal (protection of wealth), hifz al-nafs (protection of life), and hifz al-bi'ah (environmental protection), as well as the legal maxims la darara wa la dirara (no harm shall be inflicted or reciprocated) and dar'u al-mafasid muqaddamun 'ala jalbi al-masalih (preventing harm takes precedence over obtaining benefits). Keywords: Soil Excavation Trading, Islamic Law, Fiqh Muamalah, Maqashid al-Shariah, Environmental Protection.

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