Sistem Maro dalam Kerja Sama Pertanian Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) (Studi di Desa Yosorejo Kecamatan Petungkriyono)

Yuhaningtyas, Annisa (2026) Sistem Maro dalam Kerja Sama Pertanian Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) (Studi di Desa Yosorejo Kecamatan Petungkriyono). Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

Sistem maro merupakan tradisi bagi hasil dalam kerja sama pertanian di Desa Yosorejo, Kecamatan Petungkriyono, Kabupaten Pekalongan, yang membagi hasil panen secara sama besar (50:50) antara pemilik lahan dan penggarap. Praktik ini berlangsung secara turun-temurun melalui kesepakatan lisan tanpa pencatatan tertulis, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakjelasan (gharar) dan perselisihan di kemudian hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan sistem maro serta menganalisis kesesuaiannya dengan Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui penelitian lapangan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi langsung, dan studi pustaka. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari pemilik lahan, pemilik modal, serta pihak-pihak terkait lainnya, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari literatur yang relevan. Data dianalisis dengan teori akad, konsep maro sebagai akad muzāra'ah, dan ketentuan KHES Pasal 255 sampai dengan Pasal 265, dan keabsahan data diuji menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan sistem maro di Desa Yosorejo diawali dengan musyawarah antara pemilik lahan dan penggarap, dilanjutkan dengan penyerahan lahan, pengelolaan lahan oleh penggarap, dan pembagian hasil panen 50:50 setelah memperhitungkan biaya produksi. Seluruh proses berlandaskan kepercayaan dan kebiasaan masyarakat ('urf), dan risiko gagal panen diselesaikan melalui musyawarah kekeluargaan. Ditinjau dari KHES, sistem maro secara substansial telah sesuai dengan akad muzāra'ah karena rukun dan sebagian besar syaratnya terpenuhi, namun akad yang hanya lisan dan belum memuat kejelasan jangka waktu, jenis tanaman, serta rincian biaya produksi berpotensi menimbulkan gharar dan menyulitkan pembuktian. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar kesepakatan maro dicatat secara tertulis dan disaksikan, serta didukung oleh sosialisasi dan pendampingan dari pemerintah desa dan pihak terkait. Kata Kunci: sistem maro, kerja sama pertanian, muzāra'ah, KHES, Desa Yosorejo. ABSTRACT Annisa Yuhaningtyas, 2026. “The Maro System in Agricultural Cooperation from the Perspective of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES) (A Study in Yosorejo Village, Petungkriyono District)”. Sharia Economic Law Study Program, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Achmad Tubagus Surur, M.Ag. The maro system is a traditional profit-sharing arrangement in agricultural cooperation in Yosorejo Village, Petungkriyono District, Pekalongan Regency, in which the harvest is divided equally (50:50) between the landowner and the cultivator. This practice has been passed down through generations on the basis of oral agreements without written records, which potentially gives rise to uncertainty (gharar) and disputes. This study aims to describe how the maro system is implemented and to analyze its conformity with the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES). This study employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative field research approach. Data were collected through interviews, direct observation, and a literature review. Primary data were obtained from landowners, capital owners, and other related parties, while secondary data were drawn from relevant literature. The data were analyzed using contract theory, the concept of maro as a muzāra'ah contract, and the provisions of KHES Articles 255 to 265, and data validity was tested through triangulation. The results show that the maro system in Yosorejo Village begins with deliberation between the landowner and the cultivator, followed by the handover of the land, cultivation by the cultivator, and the division of the harvest at a 50:50 ratio after production costs are accounted for. The whole process rests on trust and local custom ('urf), and crop failure risks are settled through family-style deliberation. Viewed through KHES, the maro system substantially conforms to the muzāra'ah contract because its pillars and most of its conditions are fulfilled. However, the purely oral agreement, which lacks clarity on the duration, type of crop, and details of production costs, potentially causes gharar and makes proof difficult in the event of a dispute. This study recommends that maro agreements be recorded in writing and witnessed, supported by socialization and assistance from the village government and related parties. Keywords: maro system, agricultural cooperation, muzāra'ah, KHES, Yosorejo Village.

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