Pergeseran Peran Suami Sebagai Kepala Keluarga Dalam Perspektif Gender: Studi Pada Keluarga Pekerja Migran Perempuan Di Desa Kalibalik, Kabupaten Batang

Faizah, Nova Auliyatul (2026) Pergeseran Peran Suami Sebagai Kepala Keluarga Dalam Perspektif Gender: Studi Pada Keluarga Pekerja Migran Perempuan Di Desa Kalibalik, Kabupaten Batang. Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

Keluarga dalam hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum Islam menempatkan suami sebagai kepala keluarga yang bertanggung jawab atas nafkah, perlindungan, dan pengambilan keputusan. Tuntutan ekonomi dan terbatasnya lapangan kerja mendorong banyak perempuan di Desa Kalibalik, Kecamatan Banyuputih, Kabupaten Batang, bekerja sebagai Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Ketika istri menjadi sumber pendapatan keluarga, suami mengambil alih pekerjaan rumah tangga dan pengasuhan anak. Perubahan ini menimbulkan persoalan tentang kedudukan suami sebagai kepala keluarga, karena secara normatif kedudukan itu tetap diakui, sedangkan fungsi ekonomi yang selama ini menjadi ukuran kepemimpinan justru dijalankan istri. Penelitian ini mengkaji pergeseran peran dan tanggung jawab suami sebagai kepala keluarga pada keluarga pekerja migran perempuan dalam perspektif gender. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis sosiologis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur dengan empat suami yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dari sekitar 40 keluarga PMI perempuan. Data sekunder berupa bahan hukum dan dokumen desa, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia, serta monografi Desa Kalibalik. Data dikumpulkan juga melalui dokumentasi dan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Analisis menggunakan teori konstruksi sosial, fungsionalisme struktural, pertukaran sosial, dan maskulinitas hegemonial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang bergeser adalah isi dan cara menjalankan peran kepala keluarga, sedangkan kedudukan suami tidak hilang. Pergeseran ini dilatarbelakangi tekanan ekonomi. Makna kepala keluarga meluas dari pencari nafkah menjadi pencari nafkah sekaligus pengelola rumah tangga dan pengasuh anak. Tanggung jawab suami tidak berkurang, tetapi bertambah dan berubah bentuk. Tugas yang paling lekat dengan perempuan, seperti memasak dan membersihkan rumah, cenderung dialihkan kepada ibu atau anak perempuan, sehingga pembagian kerja berdasarkan gender berpindah dan belum hilang. Kata kunci: pergeseran peran, suami, kepala keluarga, perspektif gender, pekerja migran perempua ABSTRACT Nova Auliyatul Faizah, 10122007, 2026. The Shift in the Husband's Role as the Head of the Family from a Gender Perspective: A Study on Families of Female Migrant Workers in Kalibalik Village, Batang Regency. Thesis of the Islamic Family Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia. K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan State Islamic University. Pembimbing: Achmad Umardani, M. Sy. Under Indonesian positive law and Islamic law, the husband is positioned as the head of the family, responsible for providing a livelihood, protecting family members, and making decisions. Economic pressures and limited employment opportunities have driven many women in Kalibalik Village, Banyuputih District, Batang Regency, to work as Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI). When the wife becomes the family’s source of income, the husband takes over household chores and childcare. This change raises questions about the husband’s position as head of the family: normatively it is still recognized, yet the economic function that has long served as a measure of family leadership is now performed by the wife. This study examines the shift in the roles and responsibilities of husbands as heads of families in female migrant worker households from a gender perspective. This research is a juridical-sociological legal study with a qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth semi-structured interviews with four husbands selected by purposive sampling from approximately 40 female PMI families. Secondary data consisted of legal materials and village documents, namely the Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, Law Number 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, and the Kalibalik Village monograph. Data were also collected through documentation and analyzed qualitative using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The analysis draws on social construction theory, structural functionalism, social exchange theory, and hegemonic masculinity. Research shows that what changes is the content and way of carrying out the role of the head of the family, while the husband's position doesn't disappear. This shift is driven by economic pressures. The meaning of being the head of the family has expanded from being just the breadwinner to being both the provider and the manager of the household as well as the caregiver for the children. The husband's responsibilities don't decrease, but rather increase and change form. Tasks that are usually associated with women, like cooking and cleaning, tend to be delegated to the mother or daughters, so the division of labor based on gender shifts but hasn't disappeared. Keywords: role shift, husband, head of the family, gender perspective, female migrant workers

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