Penegakan Hukum Oleh Bawaslu Kabupaten Pekalongan Terhadap Dugaan Pelanggaran Netralitas Kepala Desa Pada Pilkada 2024

Bahtiar, Irvan (2026) Penegakan Hukum Oleh Bawaslu Kabupaten Pekalongan Terhadap Dugaan Pelanggaran Netralitas Kepala Desa Pada Pilkada 2024. Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H Abdurahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya dugaan pelanggaran netralitas Kepala Desa Gejlig dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Tahun 2024 yang dilaporkan kepada Bawaslu Kabupaten Pekalongan. Laporan tersebut berkaitan dengan dugaan penyampaian sambutan yang mengarah pada dukungan terhadap salah satu pasangan calon dalam kegiatan kampanye. Penanganan laporan berakhir dengan status bukan pelanggaran dan tidak dilanjutkan ke tahap berikutnya setelah pembahasan kedua Sentra Penegakan Hukum Terpadu (Gakkumdu). Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan persoalan mengenai pelaksanaan penegakan hukum, penilaian alat bukti, dan dasar penentuan hasil penanganan laporan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penegakan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Bawaslu Kabupaten Pekalongan serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penanganan dugaan pelanggaran netralitas kepala desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pihak Bawaslu Kabupaten Pekalongan dan Kepala Desa Gejlig, studi kepustakaan, serta dokumentasi yang berkaitan dengan penanganan laporan. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui pengolahan informasi, pengelompokan temuan, dan penarikan kesimpulan berdasarkan fakta lapangan serta ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Analisis penelitian menggunakan teori penegakan hukum Soerjono Soekanto yang mencakup lima faktor, yaitu faktor hukum, penegak hukum, sarana atau fasilitas, masyarakat, dan kebudayaan. Selain itu, penelitian menggunakan teori asas-asas penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum untuk menilai pelaksanaan penanganan laporan dalam kerangka penyelenggaraan pemilihan yang berintegritas. Analisis juga memperhatikan ketentuan mengenai netralitas kepala desa, kewenangan Bawaslu, kedudukan bukti elektronik, dan keterbukaan informasi publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanganan Laporan Nomor 03/Reg/LP/PB/Kab/14.24/XII/2024 telah melalui tahapan penerimaan laporan, pemeriksaan persyaratan formal dan materiel, perbaikan laporan, registrasi, klarifikasi, pemeriksaan alat bukti, serta pembahasan bersama Sentra Gakkumdu. Laporan dinyatakan bukan pelanggaran dan tidak dilanjutkan karena alat bukti yang tersedia dinilai belum mencukupi. Keterbatasan tersebut berkaitan dengan adanya rekaman video sebagai bukti utama yang belum didukung bukti lain secara memadai, ketiadaan saksi langsung yang dapat menerangkan keseluruhan peristiwa, serta terbatasnya pengetahuan langsung pelapor mengenai kejadian yang dilaporkan. Penelitian juga menemukan perbedaan keterangan antara pihak Bawaslu dan Kepala Desa Gejlig mengenai pelaksanaan klarifikasi, sementara sejumlah dokumen hasil penanganan belum diperoleh peneliti sehingga pertimbangan penghentian perkara belum dapat diperiksa secara menyeluruh. Faktor hukum, penegak hukum, sarana atau fasilitas, masyarakat, dan kebudayaan turut memengaruhi proses penanganan, dengan keterbatasan pembuktian sebagai persoalan utama yang menentukan hasil akhirnya. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanganan laporan telah dilakukan melalui mekanisme yang berlaku, tetapi penilaian menyeluruh terhadap ketepatan pertimbangan hukumnya masih terbatas oleh akses terhadap dokumen pendukung. ABSTRACT Bahtiar, Ivan.2026. “Law Enforcement by the Pekalongan Regency Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) Regarding Alleged Violations of Village Head Neutrality in the 2024 Local Elections. Supervisor: Agung Barok Pratama, M.H. This study was prompted by allegations of a violation of neutrality by the Village Head of Gejlig during the 2024 Regional Head Elections, which were reported to the Pekalongan Regency Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu). The report concerned allegations that the Village Head delivered remarks implying support for one of the candidate pairs during a campaign event. The handling of the report concluded with a finding of “no violation,” and the case was not advanced to the next stage following the second deliberation by the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu). This outcome raises questions regarding the implementation of law enforcement, the evaluation of evidence, and the basis for determining the outcome of the report’s handling. This study aims to analyze the law enforcement efforts carried out by the Pekalongan Regency Bawaslu, as well as the factors influencing the handling of alleged violations of village head neutrality. This study employs an empirical legal research method using a case study approach. Research data were obtained through interviews with officials from the Pekalongan Regency Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) and the Village Head of Gejlig, a literature review, and documentation related to the handling of reports. The data were analyzed qualitatively through information processing, grouping of findings, and drawing conclusions based on field facts and applicable legal provisions. The research analysis employs Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of law enforcement, which encompasses five factors: legal factors, law enforcement officials, resources or facilities, society, and culture. Additionally, the study utilizes the theory of the principles governing the conduct of general elections to evaluate the handling of reports within the framework of conducting elections with integrity. The analysis also takes into account provisions regarding the neutrality of village heads, the authority of the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), the status of electronic evidence, and public information transparency. The results of the investigation indicate that the handling of Report No. 03/Reg/LP/PB/Kab/14.24/XII/2024 has gone through the stages of report receipt, review of formal and substantive requirements, report revision, registration, clarification, examination of evidence, and joint deliberation with the Gakkumdu Center. The report was deemed not to constitute a violation and was not pursued because the available evidence was deemed insufficient. These limitations stemmed from the fact that the video recording which served as the primary evidence was not adequately supported by other evidence; the absence of direct witnesses who could explain the entire incident; and the complainant’s limited firsthand knowledge of the reported incident. The study also found discrepancies in the statements between Bawaslu officials and the Village Head of Gejlig regarding the clarification process, while the researcher was unable to obtain several documents related to the case handling; consequently, the rationale for discontinuing the case could not be fully examined. Legal factors, law enforcement, resources or facilities, the community, and culture all influenced the handling process, with limitations in evidence collection being the primary issue determining the final outcome. Thus, the research findings indicate that the handling of the report was conducted through the applicable mechanisms; however, a comprehensive assessment of the accuracy of the legal considerations remains limited by access to supporting documents. Keywords: Law Enforcement, Bawaslu, Neutrality of Village Heads, Local Elections, Evidence.

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