Tinjauan Teori Maqashid Syariah Terhadap Praktik Pembagian Warisan dari Orang Tua Kepada Anaknya dalam Masyarakat Adat Betawi (Studi di Kelurahan Kapuk, Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat).

Abdillah, Diva Hardiyanti (2025) Tinjauan Teori Maqashid Syariah Terhadap Praktik Pembagian Warisan dari Orang Tua Kepada Anaknya dalam Masyarakat Adat Betawi (Studi di Kelurahan Kapuk, Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat). Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

	Text 1120076_Cover_Bab I dan Bab V.pdf Download (576kB)
	Text 1120076_Full Text.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (1MB)
	Text 19 LAMPIRAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (148kB)

Abstract

Penelitian Ini membahas praktik pembagian warisan dalam masyarakat adat Betawi di Kelurahan Kapuk, Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat melalui analisis teori maqashid syariah. Fokus penelitian berupa praktik pembagian warisan pada masyarkat Betawi Kelurahan Kapuk di mana mereka membagikan warisan kepada anaknya pada saat mereka masih hidup dengan persentase warisan pada setiap anak berbeda-beda tergantung pada keputusan orang tua. Selain itu pembagian yang dilakukan hanya berupa perkataan tanpa disertai saksi atau anggota keluarga yang lain yang dilakukan secara lisan tanpa kehadiran saksi formal atau dokumen tertulis. Kondisi ini menarik untuk dikaji karena berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakadilan, ketegangan keluarga, serta pelanggaran terhadap prinsip keadilan yang dijunjung dalam hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologi hukum. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat Betawi, kepala keluarga dan/atau angota keluarga pewaris, sementara data sekunder dikumpulkan dari berbagai literatur, dokumen resmi, dan penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa praktik pembagian warisan dalam masyarakat adat Betawi sering kali tidak mengikuti proporsionalitas sebagaimana diatur dalam hukum Islam (faraid). Sebaliknya, pembagian warisan dilakukan berdasarkan penilaian subjektif pewaris terhadap “kedekatan” dan “keandalan” anak-anak mereka. Anak yang dianggap lebih dekat secara emosional atau lebih bertanggung jawab terhadap orang tua, biasanya menerima bagian lebih besar dibanding anak lainnya. Pembagian seperti ini, meskipun dianggap sesuai dengan nilai budaya setempat, sering menimbulkan ketidakpuasan di antara ahli waris lainnya. Selain itu, ketiadaan dokumentasi formal memperburuk situasi, terutama ketika pewaris meninggal dunia tanpa meninggalkan bukti sah atas pembagian tersebut. Konflik yang terjadi pasca pembagian warisan sering kali melibatkan sengketa hukum dan merusak hubungan kekeluargaan. Praktik ini sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip Maqashid Syariah, terutama dalam mencapai maslahat, keadilan, dan stabilitas sosial. Selama prinsip utama keadilan dan kemaslahatan tetap dijaga, maka praktik pembagian warisan yang dilakukan masyarakat Betawi dapat diterima sebagai bentuk ijtihad yang sah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteks hukum Islam, aspek maslahat lebih diutamakan dibandingkan dengan penerapan tekstual. ABSTRACT Abdillah, Diva Hardiyanti. 2025. An Analysis of Maqashid Syariah on The Practice of Inheritance Distribution from Parents to Their Children in Betawi Indigenous Communities (Study in Kapuk Village, Cengkareng District, West Jakarta). Undergraduate Thesis. Islamic Family Law Study Program. Faculty of Sharia UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Thesis Supervisor Muhammad Yusron, M.H. Keywords: inheritance distribution, Betawi indigenous community, maqashid syariah This research delves into the inheritance distribution practices within the Betawi indigenous community in Kapuk Village, Cengkareng District, West Jakarta, through the lens of Maqashid Syariah theory. The central focus of this study is the inheritance practices observed among the Betawi community of Kapuk Village, where parents distribute inheritance to their children while still alive. The percentage each child receives varies based solely on the parents' discretion. Furthermore, this distribution is conducted orally, without formal witnesses or written documentation, and often excludes other family members. This situation presents an intriguing case study, as it has the potential to lead to unfairness, familial tensions, and violations of the principles of justice upheld in Islamic law. The research method employed is empirical legal research with a socio-legal approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews with Betawi community leaders, heads of families, and/or family members of the testator, while secondary data were collected from various literatures, official documents, and previous studies. The findings reveal that inheritance distribution practices within the Betawi indigenous community often do not follow the proportionality outlined in Islamic inheritance law (faraid). Instead, inheritance is distributed based on the subjective judgment of the testator regarding the "closeness" and "reliability" of their children. Children perceived to be emotionally closer or more responsible towards their parents typically receive a larger share compared to others. While such distribution is considered consistent with local cultural values, it often leads to dissatisfaction among other heirs. Moreover, the absence of formal documentation exacerbates the situation, especially when the testator passes away without leaving valid evidence of the distribution. Conflicts arising after inheritance distribution frequently involve legal disputes and damage familial relationships. This practice aligns with the principles of Maqashid Shariah, particularly in achieving maslahat (benefit), justice, and social stability. As long as the primary principles of justice and maslahat are upheld, the inheritance distribution practices carried out by the Betawi community can be accepted as a legitimate form of ijtihad. This demonstrates that in the context of Islamic law, aspects of maslahat take precedence over textual application.

Actions (login required)

View Item