Penerapan Asas Kesetaraan Dalam Pembiayaan Mudarabah Di BMT An-Najah Wiradesa

Setiadi, Tegar (2026) Penerapan Asas Kesetaraan Dalam Pembiayaan Mudarabah Di BMT An-Najah Wiradesa. Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas penerapan asas kesetaraan dalam pembiayaan mudharabah di BMT An-Najah Wiradesa serta perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah apabila asas tersebut belum diterapkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penggunaan akad baku dalam pembiayaan mudharabah yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan kedudukan antara pihak BMT dan nasabah. Dalam praktiknya, akad baku sering kali membatasi ruang negosiasi nasabah sehingga nasabah berada pada posisi yang lebih lemah. Padahal, dalam hukum ekonomi syariah, asas kesetaraan menempatkan para pihak pada kedudukan yang sama dan mengedepankan prinsip keadilan dalam pelaksanaan akad. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian terdiri atas data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi di BMT An-Najah Wiradesa, serta data sekunder yang diperoleh dari buku, jurnal, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan sumber lain yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan asas kesetaraan dalam pembiayaan mudharabah di BMT An-Najah Wiradesa belum sepenuhnya optimal. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya klausul tertentu dalam akad pembiayaan yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara pihak BMT dan nasabah. Selain itu, penggunaan akad baku membuat ruang negosiasi nasabah menjadi terbatas karena sebagian besar isi akad telah ditentukan oleh pihak BMT, meskipun pihak BMT telah memberikan penjelasan mengenai isi akad sebelum penandatanganan, pemahaman nasabah terhadap seluruh klausul masih terbatas. Perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah dilakukan melalui perlindungan preventif dan represif. Perlindungan preventif dilakukan melalui pengawasan penggunaan akad baku dan pemberian informasi yang jelas kepada nasabah, sedangkan perlindungan represif dilakukan melalui penyelesaian sengketa apabila terjadi pelanggaran hak dalam pelaksanaan akad. Dengan demikian, penerapan asas kesetaraan dalam pembiayaan mudharabah perlu lebih dioptimalkan agar tercipta hubungan hukum yang adil dan sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. Kata Kunci: Asas Kesetaraan, Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Akad Baku, Perlindungan Hukum ABSTRACT Tegar Setiadi, 2026. “The Implementation of the Principle of Equality in Mudarabah Financing at BMT An-Najah Wiradesa.” Sharia Economic Law Study Program, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Supervisor : Abdul Hamid, M.A. This study discusses the implementation of the principle of equality in mudharabah financing at BMT An-Najah Wiradesa and the legal protection for customers when the principle has not been optimally implemented. This research is motivated by the use of standard contracts in mudharabah financing which potentially create an imbalance in the position between BMT and customers. In practice, standard contracts often limit customers’ bargaining power, placing them in a weaker position. In fact, in Islamic economic law, the principle of equality positions all parties equally and emphasizes justice in the implementation of contracts. This research employed an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach. The research data consisted of primary data obtained through interviews and observations at BMT An-Najah Wiradesa, as well as secondary data obtained from books, journals, laws and regulations, and other relevant sources The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the principle of equality in mudharabah financing at BMT An-Najah Wiradesa has not been fully optimal. This can be seen from the existence of certain clauses in the financing contract that potentially create an imbalance of rights and obligations between BMT and customers. In addition, the use of standard contracts limits the customers’ negotiation space because most of the contract contents have been predetermined by BMT. Although BMT has provided explanations regarding the contents of the contract before signing, customers’ understanding of all clauses is still limited. Legal protection for customers is carried out through preventive and repressive measures. Preventive legal protection is implemented through supervision of the use of standard contracts and the provision of clear information to customers, while repressive legal protection is carried out through dispute resolution in the event of violations of rights in the implementation of the contract. Therefore, the implementation of the principle of equality in mudharabah financing needs to be further optimized in order to create a fair legal relationship in accordance with sharia principles. Keywords: Principle of Equality, Mudharabah Financing, Standard Contract, Legal Protection.

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