Wanprestasi Pada Perjanjian Tidak Tertulis Dalam Jual Beli Sarung Batik (Studi Pada Pedagang Muslim Di Buaran Kabupaten Pekalongan)

Ma’wa, Istamaalal (2026) Wanprestasi Pada Perjanjian Tidak Tertulis Dalam Jual Beli Sarung Batik (Studi Pada Pedagang Muslim Di Buaran Kabupaten Pekalongan). Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

Perjanjian tidak tertulis masih banyak digunakan dalam praktik jual beli sarung batik di Desa Wonoyoso, Kecamatan Buaran, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Meskipun didasarkan pada kepercayaan, praktik tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan wanprestasi yang merugikan salah satu pihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor penyebab terjadinya wanprestasi dalam akad istiṣnā’ pada perjanjian tidak tertulis jual beli sarung batik serta akibat hukumnya menurut hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 5 penjual dan 5 pembeli, yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer yaitu KUHPerdata dan Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, bahan hukum sekunder yaitu kitab al-Qur’an. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori wanprestasi, konsep akad istiṣnā’ dan akibat hukum. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa faktor penyebabnya wanprestasi dalam jual beli sarung batik tidak tertulis di Desa Wonoyoso meliputi budaya kepercayaan, ketiadaan dokumen tertulis, tidak adanya uang muka atau sanksi, fluktuasi pasar musiman, persaingan batik, dan kemacetan modal. Akibat Hukum pada perjanjian tidak tertulis jual beli sarung batik di Buaran Kabupaten Pekalongan ialah timbul hak menuntut pemenuhan prestasi, timbul hak menuntut ganti rugi, timbul hak pembatalan perjanjian, akibat transaksi lisan tanpa dokumen, sanksi formal tidak dapat dieksekusi karena tidak memenuhi alat bukti sehingga penyelesaiannya beralih ke sanksi sosial berupa musyawarah yang mencerminkan prinsip iṣlāḥ dan Inẓār al-Mu'sir (QS. Al-Baqarah: 280). Kata Kunci: Wanprestasi, Perjanjian Tidak Tertulis, Sarung Batik, Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. ABSTRACT Ma’wa, Istamaalal, (10222069). 2026. Breach of Contract in Unwritten Agreements for the Sale and Purchase of Batik Sarongs (A Study of Muslim Traders in Buaran, Pekalongan Regency). Undergraduate Thesis, Sharia Economic Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Supervisor: Hairus Saleh, M.A. Unwritten agreements remain widely used in the practice of buying and selling batik sarongs in Wonoyoso Village, Buaran District, Pekalongan Regency. Although based on trust, this practice carries the potential for breach of contract, resulting in loss for one of the parties. This study aims to analyze the factors causing breaches of contract within the istiṣnā’ (contract for manufacture) framework of unwritten batik sarong sales agreements, as well as the legal consequences under both Islamic law and positive law. This research is an empirical juridical study employing a qualitative approach. Data sources consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews with five sellers and five buyers, selected via purposive sampling. Secondary data comprised primary legal materials specifically the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law and the Qur’an. Data were analyzed using a descriptive-qualitative method, incorporating theories of breach of contract, the concept of the istiṣnā’ contract, and legal consequences. The study concludes that the factors causing breaches of contract in unwritten batik sarong sales in Wonoyoso Village include a culture of trust, the absence of written documentation, the lack of down payments or sanctions, seasonal market fluctuations, batik market competition, and capital stagnation. The legal consequences of an unwritten sales agreement for batik sarongs in Buaran, Pekalongan Regency, include the right to demand performance, the right to claim compensation, and the right to rescind the agreement. Due to the oral nature of the transaction and the lack of documentation, formal legal sanctions cannot be enforced—as evidentiary requirements are not met—shifting the resolution process toward social sanctions in the form of deliberation (musyawarah). This approach reflects the principles of iṣlāḥ (reconciliation) and Inẓār al-Mu'sir (granting respite to the insolvent debtor, as per Surah Al-Baqarah: 280). Keywords: Breach of contract, Unwritten agreement, Batik sarong, Sharia economic law.

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