Tinjauan Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah Terhadap Jual Beli Barang Tiruan Bermerek Di Kabupaten Pekalongan

Jamilah, Dzurotul (2026) Tinjauan Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah Terhadap Jual Beli Barang Tiruan Bermerek Di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Undergraduate Thesis thesis, UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Dzurotul Jamilah (10222142), 2026 Tinjauan Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah Terhadap Jual Beli Barang Tiruan Bermerek Di Kabupaten Pekalongan Dosen Pembimbing: Dr. H. Mohammad Fateh, M.Ag. Praktik jual beli barang tiruan bermerek masih ditemukan di Kabupaten Pekalongan dan berlangsung sebagai bagian dari aktivitas perdagangan masyarakat. Barang tersebut umumnya diminati karena memiliki harga yang lebih terjangkau, model yang sesuai dengan selera, serta kualitas yang dianggap sebanding dengan harga yang dibayarkan. Namun, praktik tersebut juga menimbulkan persoalan mengenai ketidakjelasan informasi mengenai status keaslian barang, penggunaan merek tanpa hak, serta potensi kerugian terhadap konsumen dan pemilik merek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik jual beli barang tiruan bermerek di Kabupaten Pekalongan, mengetahui faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakanginya, serta menganalisis maslahah dan mafsadah dari praktik tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap penjual dan pembeli barang tiruan bermerek di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Informan penelitian terdiri atas 10 penjual dan 8 pembeli yang dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan keterlibatan dan pengalaman mereka dalam praktik jual beli barang tiruan bermerek. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah, khususnya hifzh al-mal, serta konsep maslahah dan mafsadah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli barang tiruan bermerek di Kabupaten Pekalongan pada umumnya telah memenuhi unsur dasar transaksi, yaitu adanya penjual dan pembeli, objek jual beli, kesepakatan harga, pembayaran, serta penyerahan barang. Namun, sebagian transaksi masih memiliki ketidakjelasan informasi mengenai status keaslian barang yang berkaitan dengan gharar. Penggunaan merek milik pihak lain tanpa hak juga menimbulkan persoalan terkait hak pemilik merek, sementara sebagian pembeli mengalami kerugian karena kualitas barang tidak sesuai harapan. Faktor yang melatarbelakangi praktik tersebut meliputi harga dan daya beli konsumen, model, kualitas dan kegunaan barang, permintaan serta ketersediaan barang, faktor ekonomi dan penghasilan penjual, serta kesadaran hukum penjual yang belum merata. Dalam perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah, praktik ini mengandung maslahah berupa harga yang terjangkau, manfaat penampilan bagi sebagian pembeli, dan penghasilan bagi penjual. Namun, praktik ini juga mengandung mafsadah berupa ketidakjelasan informasi pada sebagian transaksi, kerugian kualitas pada sebagian konsumen, penggunaan merek tanpa hak dan kerugian terhadap pemilik merek. Oleh karena itu, praktik jual beli barang tiruan bermerek yang menggunakan merek pihak lain tanpa hak dinilai haram karena melanggar hak pihak lain dan bertentangan dengan prinsip ḥifẓ al-māl (perlindungan harta). Kesimpulan ini sejalan dengan prinsip lā ḍarara wa lā ḍirār dan kaidah dar’u al-mafāsid muqaddamun ‘alā jalbi al-maṣāliḥ, yang mengutamakan pencegahan kemudaratan. Kata Kunci: Barang Tiruan Bermerek, Jual Beli, Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah, Maslahah, Mafsadah.  ABSTRAK Dzurotul Jamilah (10222142), 2026 Tinjauan Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah Terhadap Jual Beli Barang Tiruan Bermerek Di Kabupaten Pekalongan Dosen Pembimbing: Dr. H. Mohammad Fateh, M.Ag. The practice of buying and selling branded counterfeit goods is still found in Pekalongan Regency and remains part of the community’s trading activities. These goods are generally in demand because they are more affordable, have models that suit consumers’ preferences, and offer quality considered commensurate with the price paid. However, this practice also raises concerns regarding the clarity of information about the authenticity of the goods, the unauthorized use of trademarks, and potential losses to consumers and trademark owners. This study aims to examine the practice of buying and selling branded counterfeit goods in Pekalongan Regency, identify the factors underlying the practice, and analyze the maslahah and mafsadah arising from it. This research is a field study (field research) employing a qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through observations and interviews with sellers and buyers of branded counterfeit goods in Pekalongan Regency. The research informants consisted of 10 sellers and 8 buyers, selected purposively based on their involvement in and experience with the practice of buying and selling branded counterfeit goods. The data were analyzed qualitatively using the perspective of Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah, particularly hifẓ al-māl (protection of property), as well as the concepts of maslahah and mafsadah. The findings show that the practice of buying and selling branded counterfeit goods in Pekalongan Regency generally fulfills the basic elements of a transaction, namely the presence of a seller and a buyer, the object of sale, agreement on the price, payment, and delivery of the goods. However, some transactions involve unclear information regarding the status of the goods, which is related to gharar. The unauthorized use of another party’s trademark also raises concerns regarding trademark owners’ rights, while some buyers experience losses because the product quality does not meet their expectations. The factors underlying this practice include prices and consumers’ purchasing power, product models, quality and usefulness, consumer demand and product availability, sellers’ economic needs and income, and uneven levels of legal awareness among sellers. From the perspective of Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah, this practice offers maslahah in the form of affordable prices, appearance-related benefits for some buyers, and income for sellers. However, it also entails mafsadah, particularly the unauthorized use of trademarks and harm to trademark owners. Therefore, the practice of buying and selling branded counterfeit goods using another party’s trademark without authorization is considered haram because it violates the rights of others and conflicts with the principle of hifẓ al-māl. This conclusion is consistent with the principle of lā ḍarara wa lā ḍirār (no harm shall be inflicted or reciprocated) and the legal maxim dar’u al-mafāsid muqaddamun ‘alā jalbi al-maṣāliḥ, which prioritizes preventing harm over obtaining benefits. Keywords: Branded Counterfeit Goods, Buying and Selling, Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah, Maslahah, Mafsadah.

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